Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that produce melanin.
Melanin is the pigment that gives your skin its color. Your eyes also have melanin-producing cells and can develop melanoma. Eye melanoma is also called ocular melanoma.
Most eye melanomas form in the part of the eye you can't see when looking in a mirror. This makes eye melanoma difficult to detect. In addition, eye melanoma typically doesn't cause early signs or symptoms.
Treatment is available for eye melanomas. Treatment for some small eye melanomas may not interfere with your vision. However, treatment for large eye melanomas typically causes some vision loss.
Symptoms
Eye melanoma may not cause signs and symptoms. When they do occur, signs and symptoms of eye melanoma can include:
- A sensation of flashes or specks of dust in your vision (floaters)
- A growing dark spot on the iris
- A change in the shape of the dark circle (pupil) at the center of your eye
- Poor or blurry vision in one eye
- Loss of peripheral vision
Causes
It's not clear what causes eye melanoma.
Doctors know that eye melanoma occurs when errors develop in the DNA of healthy eye cells.
The DNA errors tell the cells to grow and multiply out of control, so the mutated cells go on living when they would normally die. The mutated cells accumulate in the eye and form an eye melanoma.
Risk factors include:
- Light eye color
- Older age
- Certain inherited skin disorders
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
- Certain genetic mutations
Source:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eye-melanoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372371
